Track 24: Bone Cancer

Bone cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the cells of the bone. It occurs when abnormal cells in the bone grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor. These tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Malignant bone tumors can invade nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body (metastasize).

Types of Bone Cancer

1. Primary Bone Cancer: Starts in the bone itself. Common types include:

   • Osteosarcoma: Often occurs in children and young adults, typically in the long bones of the arms or legs.
   • Chondrosarcoma: Begins in cartilage cells and is more common in adults.
   • Ewing Sarcoma: Found in the bones or surrounding soft tissue, more prevalent in children and adolescents.

2. Secondary (Metastatic) Bone Cancer: Occurs when cancer from another part of the body (e.g., breast, prostate, or lung) spreads to the bones.

Symptoms

• Persistent bone pain
• Swelling or a lump near the affected area
• Weakened bones, increasing the risk of fractures
• Fatigue and unintentional weight loss (in advanced stages)

Diagnosis

Bone cancer is typically diagnosed through:

• Imaging tests (X-rays, MRI, CT scans, bone scans)
• Biopsy (removal of tissue for microscopic examination)
• Blood tests (to check for specific markers)

Treatment

Treatment depends on the type, size, and stage of the cancer and may include:

• Surgery (to remove the tumor)
• Chemotherapy (to kill cancer cells)
• Radiation therapy (to shrink or destroy cancer cells)
• Targeted therapy (using drugs to target specific cancer cell mechanisms)