Prostate cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the prostate gland, which is a small, walnut-shaped gland in males responsible for producing seminal fluid that nourishes and transports sperm. This cancer typically grows slowly and may initially cause no symptoms. However, in some cases, it can grow quickly and spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body, such as the bones and lymph nodes.
Symptoms:
- Difficulty urinating or a weak urine stream.
- Frequent urination, especially at night.
- Blood in urine or semen.
- Pain or discomfort in the pelvic area.
- Erectile dysfunction.
Causes and Risk Factors:
- Age: More common in older men, especially those over 50.
- Family History: A family history of prostate or other cancers may increase risk.
- Ethnicity: More prevalent in African-American men.
- Lifestyle: Diets high in red meat or high-fat dairy products may contribute to risk.
Diagnosis:
- Digital rectal exam (DRE).
- Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test.
- Biopsy and imaging tests (e.g., MRI, CT scan).
Treatment Options:
- Active surveillance for slow-growing cancers.
- Surgery (prostatectomy).
- Radiation therapy.
- Hormone therapy.
- Chemotherapy or targeted therapy for advanced stages.
