Sub Tracks: tumor-microenvironment
Cancer Cells | Immune Cells | Fibroblasts | Extracellular Matrix | Blood Vessels | Signaling Molecules | Hypoxia
What is tumor microenvironment?
The
tumor microenvironment (TME)
refers to the complex and dynamic ecosystem surrounding a tumor, composed of various non-cancerous cells, molecules, and extracellular components that interact with cancer cells. These elements work together to influence tumor growth, progression, metastasis, and response to therapy.
Cellular Components:
- Immune cells: Such as macrophages, T cells, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells, which may either fight the tumor or support its growth depending on their state.
- Fibroblasts: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) can produce factors that promote tumor proliferation and invasion.
- Endothelial cells: These contribute to the formation of blood vessels (angiogenesis) that supply the tumor with oxygen and nutrients.
- Adipocytes: Can provide energy and signaling molecules that aid tumor progression.
- Mesenchymal stem cells: Often recruited to the tumor site and may support metastasis and immune evasion.
Non-cellular Components:
- Extracellular matrix (ECM): Provides structural support and mediates signaling.
- Cytokines and growth factors: Influence tumor cell behavior and communication with surrounding cells.
- Exosomes and microvesicles: Facilitate cell-to-cell communication by transferring proteins, lipids, and RNA.
Physical and Chemical Factors:
- Hypoxia: Low oxygen levels in the TME can drive angiogenesis and resistance to therapy.
- Acidosis: Resulting from altered metabolism in cancer cells, it can promote invasion and immune suppression.
- Nutrient availability: Affects the metabolism and survival of both tumor and stromal cells.
